Friday, May 31, 2019

Interdisciplinary Elementary Physical Education Essay -- Education

Trampolines in math human body, soccer in Spanish class, and capture the swag in history class? Sounds like a fun way to learn right? It is The fun of correlating physical activity and movement with all ranges of classes is angiotensin converting enzyme of the reasons why interdisciplinary teaching is one of the successful forms of teaching. What is interdisciplinary teaching? Interdisciplinary teaching is a style of teaching that integrates two or more(prenominal) subjects into a lesson plan. For instance, correlating math within science, language arts within physical education, history within music, no matter what subjects correlate with other subjects of a students curriculum, this raise up piece teaching method goal is to enhance the learning experience, ability, and knowledge in each study areas (Cone). According to the authors of Interdisciplinary Elementary Physical Education, you cannot righteous relate a subject with another subject without planning it out, one needs t o find a central theme, issue, problem, process, topic or experience to touch two or more subjects together (Jacobs, 1989). Now, primarily focusing on elementary physical education, it is substantially beneficial for elementary students to walk into gym class and learn about math, science, history, language arts, or any other classes that fall into their youthfulness curriculum. The reason why is because the average elementary student is always delay for that time of the day to go run around and play games with their friends. Lets face it, what kid doesnt want to go outside to play catch or go to the gym to shoot a basketball? Knowing that physical education teachers will hopefully receive the upmost attention and support from these young students, he now has the power to use that attention to potentially... ...in to increase numbers of success with all subject areas. The three models that teachers use, connected, shared, and partnership, to teach in a interdisciplinary form det ermines how simple or complex the skill, topic, or concept the teacher or teachers teach to their students. In my eyes, I believe all subjects of all levels of information should blend this style of teaching within their curriculums to receive full success and potential of each student.Works CitedCone, Theresa Purcell, Peter H. Werner, and Stephen Leonard. Cone. Interdisciplinary Elementary Physical Education. second ed. Champaign, IL Human Kinetics, 2009. Print.Jacobs, Heidi H. Interdisciplinary Learning in Your Classroom Explanation. THIRTEEN. Educating Broadcasting Corporation, 2004. Web. 04 Apr. 2012. .

Thursday, May 30, 2019

Working with the Handicap Ski Program Essay -- Personal Narrative Essa

Working with the Handicap Ski Program The roots of adaptive going were in war and accidental injuries. In 1942 Franz Wendel was the first person to grave a competition for people who ar handicapped. After suffering a leg amputation in the war, he fashioned a pair of crutches and attached them to terse skis enabling him to crutch ski. By the late 1940s the Austrian Ski Association was financing a division for handicapped skiers while at the same time European and American programs at army hospitals were developing. The Vietnam War produced many unfortunate casualties but also provided a boost to the development of adaptive skiing. Equipment and facilities have continued to start and improve in recent years. A new era began in 1983 when the International Olympic Committee sanctioned the Third World Winter Games for the Disabled. non only did this boost the prestige of the program, it also helped to promote fund raising efforts and program development worldwide. The Third World Disabled Ski Championships were held in 1986 in Sweden and the United States placed first. So why is there skiing for people with disabilities? Outdoor recreation is fun and healthy for everyone. For people with disabilities, skiing means adventure, exercise, se... ...skis are used for skiers unable to ambulate at all. Mono skiers require more upper body strength to use the equipment. Today with advanced technology, the bi ski is replacing the sit ski. Since the completion of my training program I have had students of varying ages, disabilities and skiing levels. They have provided many new learning experiences for me. Without a query I have consistently observed the pleasure this sport gives to the students and their families. Physical and mental growth are very important to the overall well creation of the student. Sharing my skills and love of skiing has been fun and rewarding to me.

Bruce Almighty Essay -- essays research papers

Kimberly Mena2/15/05Mr. Shea Bruce Almighty Bruce AlmightyWatching Bruce Almighty, starring Jim Carrey, we were shown several scenes. In these scenes examples of hopelessness, individualism, enlightened self- interest, compassion, hope, have sex, free will, relationships, sin, and images of God were seen throughout them.In scene 2 This is my Luck an example of compassion is when Grace is getting ready to give melodic line to those who are in dire need. Bruce responds that he isnt giving blood because he hates needles and because they stock up on the blood, an example of self-interest. When Grace says good passport to him, the only thing Bruce can say is that he is going to need a miracle to get to work at time. Once again, Grace is displaying compassion and love towards Bruce but Bruce is too worried about himself and work to even acknowledge Graces actions, showing abandonment in a relationship with Grace. On Bruces way to work, there is a horrendous accident and an ambulance i s seen carrying someone but Bruces remark is Come on, not during Sweeps Week, showing severe individualism. after the meeting, Bruce approaches his boss and asks about the anchor position, the boss denies knowing any information but Bruce insists. He believes Evan is going to get the position so he says that he should be more like Evan because Evan is an ass-hole. Bruce proves that he can be just like Evan by flipping over the bosss bologna organise but Bruce instantly picks it up because he wants the boss to think highly of him, this action of helping someone in order to benefit you, is enlightened self-interest. After picking up the sandwich, the boss gives Bruce a live show and instead of saying thank you, Bruces reply is I wont bar you when I go nationalMore examples can be seen when Grace is at her job, caring an... ...es to call Grace again, not knowing that she is on her way, and Susan comes into the room. She engages in some small talk and then kisses Bruce, Bruce looks over Susans shoulder and sees Grace, she storms away and Bruce chases after her. Grace sarcastically says that everyone else wants to have children with the man that they have love for 6 years but not her, she just wants a lot of stuff and maybe that would make her happy, and then drives away, this is a display of Grace removing herself from a relationship with Bruce. Bruce dejectedly walks inside and sets off the sprinklers so everyone leaves. When it is just him and God, Bruce asks how He makes so many people love Him without fooling around with free will, instead of answering the question, God indirectly asks him the same question and says that hope fixes relationships.These are just some of the numerous examples of hopelessness, individualism, enlightened self- interest, compassion, hope, love, free will, relationships, sin, and images of God that are seen consistently throughout the movie. Although a comedy, Bruce Almighty is a movie with a plot of Gods omnipotence painted in b old colors.

Wednesday, May 29, 2019

Lets Not Forget the Importance of Family Essay -- Research Essays

The Importance of Family My generation is one who emerged from a society of the eighties and through the nineties that has experienced amazing discoveries of countless measures. Over the nett twenty years, we harbour watched our world evolve into a place decorated for its strengths economically. Many of us in the later years of our childhood became members of a radical given the name the latchkey kids. Due to the needs of our economy as well as our home lives, both parents found it important to become members of the working class. The American culture of the United States puts a very large emphasis on a persons sense of individuality. We are told from the time that we are innate(p) that we can be whatever we want to be and to set our goals high. Doctors, Lawyers, Teachers are some of the common careers that a young child chooses. They set a course for them to achieve this, and along the way may make sacrifices for this choice of career. They want onl y the best for themselves and would never dream of selling themselves sort. This very idea of selflessness has sparked a curiosity in my own mind. When you ask a young child what they want to be when they grow up, you expect them to reply with an answer much(prenominal) as a doctor. What if that child said that they just want to be a mommy or a daddy? Do you think that the ecumenical feeling for this response would be a positive one? I have often wondered if due to the high emphasis on careers in our society, do people, or more specifically, my generation still consider having a family as important to their future? Or does their future only include their career? I, for instance, am a person of more individual(prenominal) than economic goals. I wanted to see if th... ...d it is comforting to know that my peers are reaching for their goals but not forgetting their personal lives. As with any research, there were limitations. If I had more time, I would have li ked to interview and survey persons in my parents generation to ferret out if when they were my age, did they feel they would have a family? I did everything that I believe I could to find the truth-value in my research, but I think that to look into the future it would have been beneficial to look at the ones who are already there, meaning our parents. My generation is the future, this I knew before this paper. But what I didnt know, is that my peers have gone from children deficiency to be doctors, to young adults following that path to get there. They havent sold themselves short. They have kept their dreams alive, and havent forgot the importance of family.

The Beginning of the N.F.L. Essay -- Art

The Beginning of the N.F.L.The year was 1920 and pro-football was in a state of confusion. The three main problems that light-emitting diode to all the confusion were, salaries rising, players jumping from team to team and the use of players still enrolled in college. So, on August 20, 1920, a group of men representing the four original pro teams met. When the day was done the American passe-partout Football Conference was born. The A.P.F.C. was formed to make one governing body over pro football. Then, on September 17, 1920, a second organizational meeting was held. At the second meeting the following teams attended the Akron Pros Canton Bulldogs Cleveland Ohio Indians Dayton Ohio Triangles Decatur Illinois Staleys Athletic Club Hammond indium Pros Massillon Tigers Muncie Indiana Flyers Racine a Chicago street Cardinals Rochester New York Jeffersons Rock Island Illinois Independents and the State of Wisconsin. One of the first orders of business was to change the name of the Ameri can Professional Football Conference to the American Professional Football Association. The second order was to appoint a president. So Native-American Olympic Gold Medallist Jim Thorpe was elected as league president. Other rules were made such(prenominal) as a membership fee of $100 per team to be charged to give an appearance of respectability No team ever remunerative it. Scheduling was left up to the teams, and there were wide variations. This occurred both in the overall number of games played and in the n...

Monday, May 27, 2019

Reflective Paper

Reflective Paper impressive gentlemans gentleman Resources counsel Theresa Tapley mickle 303 Dr. Kevin Righter March 13, 2010 Reflective Paper sound Human Resources Management Effective Human Resources Management (HRM) plays a major role in ensuring that an organization testament survive and prosper. The HRM facilitates the most efficient use of people or employees to r each(prenominal) organizational and indivi dual goals.The HRM consists of numerous activities which include, equal consumption opportunity (EEO) compliance, personal credit line analysis, man resource proposalning, the recruitment, selection, motivation, and orientation of employees, per organiseance evaluation and compensation, the training and study of employees, dig dealing, and the golosh, health, and well(p)ness of the fashionforce. Effective human resources oversight plays a vital role in the success of an organization and is an active participant in charting the strategic pass water of c ompetitiveness, productiveness, and efficiency.An effective HRM focuses on satisfy rather than on record-keeping, written procedure, or rules. Although the use of rules, records, and policies be incorporated, action is the focus. The HRM emphasizes the solution of employment problems to dish up achieve organizational objectives and facilitate employees development and rapture. An effective HRM is, to a fault, people-oriented. Whenever possible, the HRM treats each employee as an individualist and offers services and architectural plan to meet the individuals needs.An effective HRM political program is concerned with parcel an organization achieve its objectives in the rising by providing for competent, well-motivated employees. Human resources are incorporated into an organizations long-term strategic plans to assist with ensuring that future developing needs lead be adequately staffed with qualified, trained employees (Ivancewich, 2010, pg 5). EEO and Affirmative Action integrity external factor that has a powerful influence on my familys HRM emollient is the equal employment opportunity and human mightilys legislation, which has a profound effect on our policies and procedures concerning recruiting, selection, evaluation, and promotion. The U. S. Equal Employment hazard Commission (EEOC) is an independent federal official official elbow room that enforces laws against resolveplace variation. The EEOC investigates discrimination complaints based on an individuals race, color, subject area origin, religion, sex, age, constipation and retaliation for reporting and/or opposing a discriminatory practice.This relegation is empowered to file discrimination suits against employers on behalf of everyeged victims and to adjudicate claims of discrimination brought against federal agencies. No other regulatory area has as thoroughly touched HRM as the EEO programs suffer. It has implications for almost every activity in HRM and machinates standa rds for hiring, recruiting, training, terminating, compensating, evaluating, planning, disciplining, and collective bargaining. Employers, to pr showcase employment discrimination in the workplace or to take remedial action to offset employment discrimination implement EEO programs, (Ivancevich, 2010, pg 65).According to the U. S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) website, the EEOC is responsible for enforcing federal laws that make it illegal to discriminate against a caper appli backt or an employee because of the persons race, color, religion, sex (including pregnancy), national origin, age (40 or older), balk or genetic in cookation. The laws also apply to all type of work situations, including hiring, firing, promotions, demotions, harassment, training, wages, and well-beings.During the employment selection run, each chance should be evaluated on their qualification of the job requirements, based on their experience, education, and skill set. M any corporatio ns use testing as an important tool. Rae T. Vann, general direction of the Equal Employment Advisory Council, a national association of large federal contractors, observed, When done properly, testing can be a very important tool in the employment selection process, and we praise the Commission on its efforts to improve the quality and fairness of tests and other job screening methods (Title VII Affirmative Action, 2006).I encourage my Clinical Managers to become old(prenominal) with the provisions of the EEO standards and guidelines. It is essential that they make every effort to seek counsel from our HR dept when initiating the interview and hiring process, dealing with poor achievement, disabilities, demotions, appearance of harassment, and training and re-training. Throughout my cardinal years of administrative management, I experience unfortunately had to learn HRM and EEOC laws the laboured way, through trial and error.With each mistake that I have made, such(prenominal ) as not consulting the HR subdivision before decreasing a dual role employees hours so that she could focus on one role referable to extremely poor performance, I have learned the proper move to come to the same conclusion. The decrease in hours caused her to lose her benefits and subsequently she filed an EEOC claim of discrimination and retaliation. Fortunately, due to proper documentation of the corrective actions, developmental action plan and the documented counseling, our HRM has adequate information to refute the claim.Now, I consult my HRM proxy with any concerns, questions, or updates related to employee situations. Planning, Recruitment, and Selection Human resources planning are the processes by which management ensures that it has the right personnel, who are capable of completing those tasks that help the organization, reach its objectives. It involves call of human resources needs and the projected matching of individuals with expected vacancies (International La bour Organization, 2010).An effective HR plan, also, turn ins mechanisms to eliminate any gaps that whitethorn exist between supply and demand. HR planning happens the numbers and types of employees to be recruited into the organization or phased out of it (Ivancevich, 2010). The Human Resource Planning Process incorporates strategic planning which will have a direct effect on the organizations profitability. The strategic plan must adapt to environmental circumstances. It must forecast how many and what employees are required for the organizations staffing requirements.Next, it must determine how many and what kind of employees are currently employed with the skills and training prerequisite for the future needs. Finally, after the HR system has analyzed the supply of and the demand or future workers, these two forecasts are compared to determine what action should be taken. Effective workforce planning is a critical element of effective strategic and useable planning. Workfor ce planning provides handlers with a strategic basis for making human resource decisions. It allows managers to anticipate change ather than being surprised by hithertots, as well as providing strategic methods for addressing present and anticipated workforce issues. The US department of Health and Human Services secerns, Organizational success depends on having the right employees with the right competencies at the right time. Workforce planning provides managers the means of sending the competencies needed in the workforce not only in the present but in the future and thence selecting and developing that workforce (US Dept. Health and Human Services, 2010).The HR department for my company has implemented a staffing model tool that projects future, potential, or expected produce versus the actual census, the current staffing and skill set of that staff, and calculates the hiring needs of specific positions inside the direct and indirect unhurried awe. Once the future needs are determined, then the hiring process begins. Human Resources Development Training and development are processes that guarantee to provide an employee with information, skills, and an understanding of the organization and its goals.Training and development are designed to help a person continue to make irresponsible contributions in the form of good performance and advancement in spite of appearance the organization. A solid orientation program is the first step in developing an employee. It reduces anxiety and fears, reduces start-up costs of a red-hot employee, reduces turnover, saves time for supervisors and co-workers, and develops realistic expectations, positive attitudes toward the employer and job satisfaction. Once will realised in a specific position, then the manager and employee must set goals for development and advancement.Management and professional development is designed to reduce obsolescence and to increase employees satisfaction and productivity. An impor tant part of development is the evaluation process. Performance management is the process by which executives, managers, and supervisors work to align employee performance with the firms goals. An effective performance management process determines and evaluates performance, provides feedback to the employees approximately their performance, and measures and monitors skill-set (Ivancevich, 2010, pg 251).The company that I work for has an subtile formal performance evaluation process that is very effective in the development the employee and the motivation to succeed. Appraising and managing performance at my workplace starts form the twenty-four hourstime of hire. Each newly hired direct or indirect patient care must attend a through and intensive training program. afterward 90 days, from date of hire, the new staff element is evaluated for suitability for the position. The manager will present a written 90-day evaluation to the staff member.This evaluation will result in a su ccessful completion of the introductory period, determine a need for an extension of 30 days to improve and meet expectations, or termination due to being unsuitable for the position (this usually occurs when the staff member continually fails to follow policies and procedures and/or causing patient endangerment). Every manager must complete an annual evaluation for staff members under their direct supervision. The score on the evaluation determine the merit increase and caps set forward by the company.When a staff member is failing to follow policy and procedure, position patients safety in jeopardy, tardiness or excessive absenteeism, insubordination, breakout confidentiality and HIPPA regulations, and etc. the manager will conduct corrective action in the form of documented counseling, written corrective action, final corrective action, 3 day suspension, and/or termination. To make this process more effective and ensure compliance with EEOC and federal and state regulations, b oth next level supervisor and the HR dept representative must approve all final corrective actions, 3-day suspensions, and terminations.Compensation and Benefits There are some(prenominal) cases that an employer or corporation will offer benefits and services to their employees. whizz reason is to keep the organization competitive in recruit and retaining employees. Another reason is to keep a pith out or because the merger has win this during negotiations. Finally, is the fact that providing benefits and service contributed to increased employee performance and job satisfaction (Ivancevich, 2010, pg358). Federal and state governments mandate three benefits programs offered by private and not-for-profit employers.The three mandated programs are unemployment insurance, loving trade protection, and workers compensation. In addition to the benefits required by law, many employers provide other kinds of benefits voluntarily, such as, compensation for time not worked, insurance p rotection, retirement plans, FMLA or medical examination FMLA, life insurance, short and long-term disability, and various retirement programs and stock ownership plans. nearly organizations offer tuition reimbursement and flexible benefits plans.Whenever I am interviewing a candidate for a position, I always spend a portion of the interview discussing and explaining our benefit package. Sometimes our hourly rate is not quite as exalted as our competitor, but our benefits and employee services usually out ways the difference in compensation. Safety and Health The Human Resource Management team of the dialysis company of which I am employed, works very closely with the content comprise for occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) to ensure that the most acceptable and innovative concepts in employee safety and health are used.The NIOSH is the primary federal agency that conducts research on the safety and health of the workplace. The Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSH Act) of 1970, to provide research, information, education, and training in the field of occupational safety and health established it in 1971 (Bradley, 2002). The NIOSH develops and promotes the use of national and state-based surveillance systems to identify, quantify, and track injuries and illnesses. Epidemiological analysis of these databases helps identify unsafe and unhealthy workplace conditions.NIOSH also supports comprehendatory and field research to get along identify, assess, and control occupational hazards and exposures and the diseases and injuries they cause. In addition to identifying risks, the NIOSH develops and evaluates prevention measures such as control technology, personal protective equipment, and work practices. Through research internally within our company and the NIOSH, many improvements and standards have been put into place for water give-and-take safety and personal protective equipment.We have strong policies and procedures that protect both the employee and the patient from exposure to health or safety hazards. There are several reasons for establishing good occupational safety and health standards. First, on a moral note, an employee should not have to risk injury or death at work, nor should others associated with the work environment. The second is economical in nature. Many governments realize that poor occupational safety and health performance results in cost to the State, through social security payments to the incapacitated, costs for medical treatment, and the loss of the employability of the worker.The employing organizations also sustain costs in the event of an incident at work, such as legal fees, fines, compensatory damages, investigation time, and incapacitated production, lost goodwill from the workforce, customers, and community. Lastly, from a legal standpoint, the occupational safety and health requirements may be reinforced in civil law and/or iniquitous law. It is a known fact, that without the extra encourag ement of potential regulatory action or litigation, many organizations would not act upon their implied moral obligations.During a Frontline interview with ancillary secretary of get for occupational health and safety, John Henshaw, the question was asked, How successful do you think OSHA has been at protecting workers in the United States? Mr. Henshaw replied, In the finale 30 years, OSHA has made some tremendous strides in reducing injuries, illnesses, and fatalities. In the extreme six to eight years, injuries have gone steadily down and fatalities have gone down to the point where they are the lowest ever (Frontline, 2002).The dialysis industry is conservatively scrutinized to uphold acceptable OSHA safety and health standards. We, also, have internal auditors that take for granted inspections to ensure compliance and safe practices. Employee and wear out Relations Labor relations can refer broadly to any dealings between management and workers round employment conditio ns. Most commonly, however, labor relations refer to dealings between management and a workforce that is already unionized, or has the potential to become unionized. Labor relations are thus crucial to industries like autos and airlines with heavily unionized workforces.In the United States, labor relations were profoundly affected by the National Labor Relations Act passed during the 1930s, which gave workers the right to form unions and bargain collectively. Labor relations have been drastically affected by the passage of the Taft-Hartley Act, which prohibited the shut shop, as well as, the introduction of right-to-work laws in more than 20 states (Ivancevich, 2010, pgs 477). By the early 21st century, labor relations were less affected by labor unions, to which only 8 percent of private sector workers belonged in 2004, about half of the rate in 1983.The decline reflects the increase in labor relations consultants, who have helped managements avoid unionization (Anonymous, 2010). The presence of a union immediately affects most aspects of Human Resources Management, including recruiting, selection, performance evaluation, promotion, compensation, and benefits, among others (Ivancevich, 2010, pg. 34). Unions were once thought of a being for blue-collar factory workers, but now even engineers, nurses, teachers, secretaries, salespersons, college professors, professional football players and even physicians belong to unions.Within my workplace, we have an ongoing informational and educational campaign against the unethical practices of recruitment and enticement for our employees. We offer seminars and counseling in regards to the unionization tactics. While set about declining membership, union officials have turned to highly questionable practice of organizing new members through a process called card check. With card checks, p abet union organizers try to persuade workers to sign cards saying that they favor union representation. This persuasion comes in t he form of deception, coercion, and harassing visits to workers homes.John Ivancevich describes this practice as the authorization card (Ivancevich, 2010, pg. 480). Under current laws, as soon as more than 50 percent of the workers sign a union authorization card, all employees within that organization will be required to participate in the union and pay union dues, even though not a single employee has actually been able to cast a personal, private vote. Often times, individual will sign the cards under intentional or unintentional misunderstandings or to get the organizer to stop harassing them, even though the employee may have no desire to join a union (Anonymous, 2010).Conclusion Human Resources Management is the heart of every organization. It serves as an advocate for each employee, while also protecting the organization from legal repercussions. Whether it is ensuring equal employment opportunity (EEO) compliance, providing job analysis, planning for the future staffing nee ds and subsequent recruitment and selection of qualified candidates, each of these areas are vital to a well-organized corporation. The HRM is paramount in the motivation, training, and development of employees.Ensuring a positive orientation experience, and concise performance evaluation and compensation will aid in retention and job satisfaction. Finally, the HRM has an extremely important role in labor relations and ensuring the safety, health, and wellness of the workforce. References Anonymous. (2010). When voting isnt Private. Retrieved on February 26, 2010 from website http//www. unionfacts. com/articles/cardCheck. cfm Bradley, J. (2002). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Retrieved on 3/1/2010 from website http//www. cdc. gov/niosh EEOC Office of Legal rede staff members (2006). Title VII Affirmative Action.Retrieved on February 12, 2010 from website http//www. eeoc. gov/eeoc/foia/letters/2006/vii_affimative_action. hypertext mark-up language Frontline. (2002). A Dangerous Business. Frontline Interview with John Henshaw. September 30, 2002. Retrieved on 3/2/2010 from website http//osha. gov International Labour Organization. Retrieved on February 11, 2010 from website http//wwwilo. org Ivancevich. J. (2010). Human resource management (11th ed. ). capital of Massachusetts McGraw-Hill. ISBN 9780073381466. US Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved on February 10, 2010 from website http//www. hhs. gov/ohr/workforce/wfpguide. htmlReflective PaperReflective Paper Effective Human Resources Management Theresa Tapley BUS 303 Dr. Kevin Righter March 13, 2010 Reflective Paper Effective Human Resources Management Effective Human Resources Management (HRM) plays a major role in ensuring that an organization will survive and prosper. The HRM facilitates the most effective use of people or employees to achieve organizational and individual goals.The HRM consists of numerous activities which include, equal employment opportunity (EE O) compliance, job analysis, human resource planning, the recruitment, selection, motivation, and orientation of employees, performance evaluation and compensation, the training and development of employees, labor relations, and the safety, health, and wellness of the workforce. Effective human resources management plays a vital role in the success of an organization and is an active participant in charting the strategic course of competitiveness, productiveness, and efficiency.An effective HRM focuses on action rather than on record-keeping, written procedure, or rules. Although the use of rules, records, and policies are incorporated, action is the focus. The HRM emphasizes the solution of employment problems to help achieve organizational objectives and facilitate employees development and satisfaction. An effective HRM is, also, people-oriented. Whenever possible, the HRM treats each employee as an individual and offers services and program to meet the individuals needs.An effec tive HRM program is concerned with helping an organization achieve its objectives in the future by providing for competent, well-motivated employees. Human resources are incorporated into an organizations long-term strategic plans to assist with ensuring that future growth needs will be adequately staffed with qualified, trained employees (Ivancewich, 2010, pg 5). EEO and Affirmative Action One external factor that has a powerful influence on my companys HRM unction is the equal employment opportunity and human rights legislation, which has a profound effect on our policies and procedures concerning recruiting, selection, evaluation, and promotion. The U. S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) is an independent federal agency that enforces laws against workplace discrimination. The EEOC investigates discrimination complaints based on an individuals race, color, national origin, religion, sex, age, disability and retaliation for reporting and/or opposing a discriminatory p ractice.This commission is empowered to file discrimination suits against employers on behalf of alleged victims and to adjudicate claims of discrimination brought against federal agencies. No other regulatory area has as thoroughly affected HRM as the EEO programs have. It has implications for almost every activity in HRM and sets standards for hiring, recruiting, training, terminating, compensating, evaluating, planning, disciplining, and collective bargaining. Employers, to prevent employment discrimination in the workplace or to take remedial action to offset employment discrimination implement EEO programs, (Ivancevich, 2010, pg 65).According to the U. S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) website, the EEOC is responsible for enforcing federal laws that make it illegal to discriminate against a job applicant or an employee because of the persons race, color, religion, sex (including pregnancy), national origin, age (40 or older), disability or genetic information. T he laws also apply to all type of work situations, including hiring, firing, promotions, demotions, harassment, training, wages, and benefits.During the employment selection process, each candidate should be evaluated on their qualification of the job requirements, based on their experience, education, and skill set. Many corporations use testing as an important tool. Rae T. Vann, general counsel of the Equal Employment Advisory Council, a national association of large federal contractors, observed, When done properly, testing can be a very important tool in the employment selection process, and we commend the Commission on its efforts to improve the quality and fairness of tests and other job screening methods (Title VII Affirmative Action, 2006).I encourage my Clinical Managers to become familiar with the provisions of the EEO standards and guidelines. It is essential that they make every effort to seek counsel from our HR dept when initiating the interview and hiring process, dea ling with poor performance, disabilities, demotions, appearance of harassment, and training and re-training. Throughout my five years of administrative management, I have unfortunately had to learn HRM and EEOC laws the hard way, through trial and error.With each mistake that I have made, such as not consulting the HR department before decreasing a dual role employees hours so that she could focus on one role due to extremely poor performance, I have learned the proper steps to come to the same conclusion. The decrease in hours caused her to lose her benefits and subsequently she filed an EEOC claim of discrimination and retaliation. Fortunately, due to proper documentation of the corrective actions, developmental action plan and the documented counseling, our HRM has adequate information to refute the claim.Now, I consult my HRM representative with any concerns, questions, or updates related to employee situations. Planning, Recruitment, and Selection Human resources planning are t he processes by which management ensures that it has the right personnel, who are capable of completing those tasks that help the organization, reach its objectives. It involves forecasting of human resources needs and the projected matching of individuals with expected vacancies (International Labour Organization, 2010).An effective HR plan, also, provides mechanisms to eliminate any gaps that may exist between supply and demand. HR planning determines the numbers and types of employees to be recruited into the organization or phased out of it (Ivancevich, 2010). The Human Resource Planning Process incorporates strategic planning which will have a direct effect on the organizations profitability. The strategic plan must adapt to environmental circumstances. It must forecast how many and what employees are required for the organizations staffing requirements.Next, it must determine how many and what kind of employees are currently employed with the skills and training necessary for the future needs. Finally, after the HR system has analyzed the supply of and the demand or future workers, these two forecasts are compared to determine what action should be taken. Effective workforce planning is a critical element of effective strategic and operational planning. Workforce planning provides managers with a strategic basis for making human resource decisions. It allows managers to anticipate change ather than being surprised by events, as well as providing strategic methods for addressing present and anticipated workforce issues. The US Department of Health and Human Services states, Organizational success depends on having the right employees with the right competencies at the right time. Workforce planning provides managers the means of identifying the competencies needed in the workforce not only in the present but in the future and then selecting and developing that workforce (US Dept. Health and Human Services, 2010).The HR department for my company has implem ented a staffing model tool that projects future, potential, or expected growth versus the actual census, the current staffing and skill set of that staff, and calculates the hiring needs of specific positions within the direct and indirect patient care. Once the future needs are determined, then the hiring process begins. Human Resources Development Training and development are processes that attempt to provide an employee with information, skills, and an understanding of the organization and its goals.Training and development are designed to help a person continue to make positive contributions in the form of good performance and advancement within the organization. A solid orientation program is the first step in developing an employee. It reduces anxiety and fears, reduces start-up costs of a new employee, reduces turnover, saves time for supervisors and co-workers, and develops realistic expectations, positive attitudes toward the employer and job satisfaction. Once will establ ished in a specific position, then the manager and employee must set goals for development and advancement.Management and professional development is designed to reduce obsolescence and to increase employees satisfaction and productivity. An important part of development is the evaluation process. Performance management is the process by which executives, managers, and supervisors work to align employee performance with the firms goals. An effective performance management process determines and evaluates performance, provides feedback to the employees about their performance, and measures and monitors skill-set (Ivancevich, 2010, pg 251).The company that I work for has an excellent formal performance evaluation process that is very effective in the development the employee and the motivation to succeed. Appraising and managing performance at my workplace starts form the day of hire. Each newly hired direct or indirect patient care must attend a through and intensive training program . After 90 days, from date of hire, the new staff member is evaluated for suitability for the position. The manager will present a written 90-day evaluation to the staff member.This evaluation will result in a successful completion of the introductory period, determine a need for an extension of 30 days to improve and meet expectations, or termination due to being unsuitable for the position (this usually occurs when the staff member continually fails to follow policies and procedures and/or causing patient endangerment). Every manager must complete an annual evaluation for staff members under their direct supervision. The score on the evaluation determine the merit increase and caps set forth by the company.When a staff member is failing to follow policy and procedure, putting patients safety in jeopardy, tardiness or excessive absenteeism, insubordination, breaking confidentiality and HIPPA regulations, and etc. the manager will conduct corrective action in the form of documented counseling, written corrective action, final corrective action, 3 day suspension, and/or termination. To make this process more effective and ensure compliance with EEOC and federal and state regulations, both next level supervisor and the HR dept representative must approve all final corrective actions, 3-day suspensions, and terminations.Compensation and Benefits There are several reasons that an employer or corporation will offer benefits and services to their employees. One reason is to keep the organization competitive in recruit and retaining employees. Another reason is to keep a union out or because the union has won this during negotiations. Finally, is the fact that providing benefits and service contributed to increased employee performance and job satisfaction (Ivancevich, 2010, pg358). Federal and state governments mandate three benefits programs offered by private and not-for-profit employers.The three mandated programs are unemployment insurance, social security, and workers compensation. In addition to the benefits required by law, many employers provide other kinds of benefits voluntarily, such as, compensation for time not worked, insurance protection, retirement plans, FMLA or medical FMLA, life insurance, short and long-term disability, and various retirement programs and stock ownership plans. Some organizations offer tuition reimbursement and flexible benefits plans.Whenever I am interviewing a candidate for a position, I always spend a portion of the interview discussing and explaining our benefit package. Sometimes our hourly rate is not quite as high as our competitor, but our benefits and employee services usually out ways the difference in compensation. Safety and Health The Human Resource Management team of the dialysis company of which I am employed, works very closely with the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) to ensure that the most acceptable and innovative concepts in employee safety and health are u sed.The NIOSH is the primary federal agency that conducts research on the safety and health of the workplace. The Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSH Act) of 1970, to provide research, information, education, and training in the field of occupational safety and health established it in 1971 (Bradley, 2002). The NIOSH develops and promotes the use of national and state-based surveillance systems to identify, quantify, and track injuries and illnesses. Epidemiological analysis of these databases helps identify unsafe and unhealthy workplace conditions.NIOSH also supports laboratory and field research to further identify, assess, and control occupational hazards and exposures and the diseases and injuries they cause. In addition to identifying risks, the NIOSH develops and evaluates prevention measures such as control technology, personal protective equipment, and work practices. Through research internally within our company and the NIOSH, many improvements and standards have been put into place for water treatment safety and personal protective equipment.We have strong policies and procedures that protect both the employee and the patient from exposure to health or safety hazards. There are several reasons for establishing good occupational safety and health standards. First, on a moral note, an employee should not have to risk injury or death at work, nor should others associated with the work environment. The second is economical in nature. Many governments realize that poor occupational safety and health performance results in cost to the State, through social security payments to the incapacitated, costs for medical treatment, and the loss of the employability of the worker.The employing organizations also sustain costs in the event of an incident at work, such as legal fees, fines, compensatory damages, investigation time, and lost production, lost goodwill from the workforce, customers, and community. Lastly, from a legal standpoint, the occupational safety and health requirements may be reinforced in civil law and/or criminal law. It is a known fact, that without the extra encouragement of potential regulatory action or litigation, many organizations would not act upon their implied moral obligations.During a Frontline interview with assistant secretary of labor for occupational health and safety, John Henshaw, the question was asked, How successful do you think OSHA has been at protecting workers in the United States? Mr. Henshaw replied, In the last 30 years, OSHA has made some tremendous strides in reducing injuries, illnesses, and fatalities. In the last six to eight years, injuries have gone steadily down and fatalities have gone down to the point where they are the lowest ever (Frontline, 2002).The dialysis industry is carefully scrutinized to uphold acceptable OSHA safety and health standards. We, also, have internal auditors that simulate inspections to ensure compliance and safe practices. Employee and Labor Relations Labor relations can refer broadly to any dealings between management and workers about employment conditions. Most commonly, however, labor relations refer to dealings between management and a workforce that is already unionized, or has the potential to become unionized. Labor relations are thus crucial to industries like autos and airlines with heavily unionized workforces.In the United States, labor relations were profoundly affected by the National Labor Relations Act passed during the 1930s, which gave workers the right to form unions and bargain collectively. Labor relations have been drastically affected by the passage of the Taft-Hartley Act, which prohibited the closed shop, as well as, the introduction of right-to-work laws in more than 20 states (Ivancevich, 2010, pgs 477). By the early 21st century, labor relations were less affected by labor unions, to which only 8 percent of private sector workers belonged in 2004, about half of the rate in 1983.The decline reflects th e increase in labor relations consultants, who have helped managements avoid unionization (Anonymous, 2010). The presence of a union directly affects most aspects of Human Resources Management, including recruiting, selection, performance evaluation, promotion, compensation, and benefits, among others (Ivancevich, 2010, pg. 34). Unions were once thought of a being for blue-collar factory workers, but now even engineers, nurses, teachers, secretaries, salespersons, college professors, professional football players and even physicians belong to unions.Within my workplace, we have an ongoing informational and educational campaign against the unethical practices of recruitment and enticement for our employees. We offer seminars and counseling in regards to the unionization tactics. While facing declining membership, union officials have turned to highly questionable practice of organizing new members through a process called card check. With card checks, paid union organizers try to per suade workers to sign cards saying that they favor union representation. This persuasion comes in the form of deception, coercion, and harassing visits to workers homes.John Ivancevich describes this practice as the authorization card (Ivancevich, 2010, pg. 480). Under current laws, as soon as more than 50 percent of the workers sign a union authorization card, all employees within that organization will be required to participate in the union and pay union dues, even though not a single employee has actually been able to cast a personal, private vote. Often times, individual will sign the cards under intentional or unintentional misunderstandings or to get the organizer to stop harassing them, even though the employee may have no desire to join a union (Anonymous, 2010).Conclusion Human Resources Management is the heart of every organization. It serves as an advocate for each employee, while also protecting the organization from legal repercussions. Whether it is ensuring equal emp loyment opportunity (EEO) compliance, providing job analysis, planning for the future staffing needs and subsequent recruitment and selection of qualified candidates, each of these areas are vital to a well-organized corporation. The HRM is paramount in the motivation, training, and development of employees.Ensuring a positive orientation experience, and concise performance evaluation and compensation will aid in retention and job satisfaction. Finally, the HRM has an extremely important role in labor relations and ensuring the safety, health, and wellness of the workforce. References Anonymous. (2010). When voting isnt Private. Retrieved on February 26, 2010 from website http//www. unionfacts. com/articles/cardCheck. cfm Bradley, J. (2002). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Retrieved on 3/1/2010 from website http//www. cdc. gov/niosh EEOC Office of Legal Counsel staff members (2006). Title VII Affirmative Action.Retrieved on February 12, 2010 from website http/ /www. eeoc. gov/eeoc/foia/letters/2006/vii_affimative_action. html Frontline. (2002). A Dangerous Business. Frontline Interview with John Henshaw. September 30, 2002. Retrieved on 3/2/2010 from website http//osha. gov International Labour Organization. Retrieved on February 11, 2010 from website http//wwwilo. org Ivancevich. J. (2010). Human resource management (11th ed. ). Boston McGraw-Hill. ISBN 9780073381466. US Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved on February 10, 2010 from website http//www. hhs. gov/ohr/workforce/wfpguide. html

Sunday, May 26, 2019

Effects of online games Essay

Online free rein has emerged as a popular and successful source of entertainment and play for people of all ages, especially for the students.People nowadays affirm much on technology to help them in their daily lives. Communication by the use of cellphones, gaining information using the internet is just some of the examples. Online gambol has emerged as a popular and successful source of entertainment and play for people of all ages, especially for the students.. They use the computer for recreation and as a tool for online gaming. The research paper will contain facts and informations about recreation and its definition. It will explain why people may non be able to live if there is no recreation. It will also contain why people need recreation and is vital to the daily lives of people. subsequently that, the research paper will focus to one type of recreation, the online gaming.It will explain what is online gaming, who are the ones mostly engaged in that activity and what is in online gaming that many people seem to be easily attached and addicted to it The research paper will explain what the influences of online gaming to people especially to the elevated school students. Some may be obvious but the others are somewhat invisible that people dont realize that they are rattling being affected by online gaming in many ways. Those influences will be subdivided into three social, mental and emotional and will be clearly explained by the researchers. Also, the research paper will contain the positive and negative effects of online gaming in terms of high school students panache of talking and thinking.

Saturday, May 25, 2019

Breaking Bad Essay

Breaking bad is an American drama series produced and created by Vince Gilligan The series premiered on January the 20th 2008. Airing on AMC in the us and Canada The show is currently in its 5th and die season, the 2nd half of the show is aired the summer of 2013. The series is about Walter white he is a chemistry teacher, Walter White, is diagnosed with Stage III cancer and given only two years to live, he decides he has nothing to lose. He lives with his wife and jejune son, who has cerebral palsy, in New Mexico.Determined to ensure that his family will have a secure future, White embarks on a career of drugs and crime. He proves to be remarkably proficient in this new world as he begins manufacturing and selling methamphetamine with one of his former students. The series tracks the impacts of a fatal diagnosing on a regular hard working man and explores how a fatal diagnosis affects his morality and transforms him into a major player of the drug handicraft Walter white evolves over the seasons from a nave chemisty teacher to the mastermind behind a large scale drug operation. ReceptionBreaking Bad has accredited widespread critical acclaim and has been praised by some critics as the greatest television drama of all time. It scored a 99/100 on its last season on metaoritic. Metacritic is a review site that combines all the available reviews out there. AwardsThe seriers has won numerous awards and nominations. Including 7 emmy awards. The actor of walter white, bryan Cranston has won the outstanding farting actor awards for 3 consecutive years. In total the show has won 35 industry awards and been nominated for 117

Friday, May 24, 2019

Case Study: King of the Hill Essay

1) What leading traits account for Denny pitchers success? Denny is using the perfect traits of a instructor keeping the blow team interested so they do not lose focus in the meeting or the workouts. Denny also shows his team confidence, in himself as well as in his team. Due to this Denny has the faith of his team behind him and their truest in his abilities. 2) How would you describe Denny Hills lead abilities? I look at Denny developed leadership abilities through hard work and practice, because the first year swim team did not do so good. Denny learned from his mistakes and took various stairs to make himself a better leader. He also encouraged his swim team members to pick up leadership roles.3) Leadership includes administrative skills, interpersonal skills, and conceptual skills. How does Denny Hill stack up on these skills? As a teacher Denny is well versed in administrative skills as he has to see to grades, draw close reports, and even evaluating student progress on a daily basis. Dennys interpersonal skills get tested on a daily basis with coadjutor and student interaction. Denny has conceptual skills in that what he did for the swim team the previous year did not work. He had to re-evaluate the situation and come up with another executable plan for the swimmers. Denny is doing a good job utilizing these skills and taking the swim team in the right direction.4) How does Denny Hill integrate task and affinity behaviors in his leadership? Denny does have task behaviors in his leadership as he has planning to do for the swim team which include team meetings. There is also relationship behaviors included in his leadership when he assigns the students to become a part of the leadership team. 5) From a relational perspective, how would you describe Denny Hills leadership? Denny Hills leadership is interactive where the swim team has the ability to share leadership roles, authority, and influence. 6) In what way does Denny Hills coaching exemplify leadership as an influence process? Denny utilized his influence on the swim team so they can reach common goals. Denny wants a winning swim team and the swimmers want to win, as well as, want to make their leader proud.ReferenceNorthouse, P. (2015). Introduction to leadership Concepts and practice (Third ed.). Los Angeles Sage.

Thursday, May 23, 2019

Noise – Music to our ears or pollution?

Noise is all around us. E verywhere we go we drive out hear some kind of noise. Sound is measured in decibels. A decibel is a unit of relative loudness for sound, the decibel scale runs from zero for the least perceptible sound to 130 for sound that causes pain. The symbol for decibels is dB.There are a lot of pleasures in sound. Especially the medicine we hear. This means that the music industry make a lot of money as well as discos. There are a lot of dangers related to noise. For example if u listen to loud music it can damage your ears. That is why when you but a disc man or any music appliance it warn the client of this.Loud noises created by man can irritate the life style of animals. It can drive animals away from their natural hunting ground and to less favourable land.At places much(prenominal) as football pipe bowl of race tracks or concerts, the noise level is extremely high and can cause short term effects as well as long term effects. The people who are working in the race tracks, football stadiums and concerts are not concerned about the well being of the spectator because as long as the workers get paid they are happy.Sound sometimes cant be avoided because humans have no control over spirit and nature can also produce sound.Mobile phones create a lot of pollution specially because there are so many mobile phones around. eighter out of ten people have mobiles and some people get fed up because mobile phones are always ringing. Mobile phone manufacturers such as Nokia, Motorola. Siemens, Sony and Erickson are happy that so many people are buying their products and dont really pay much attention to the noise pollution.Aircrafts produce very high levels of sound. Inside an aircraft the sound is quite loud. On the outside the sound is very loud. Apartments and houses near airports are at great risk. Aircrafts pass constantly. In capital of Portugal airport the aircraft pass extremely close to the apartments and this must be very bad for the p eople who live in the apartments. People still live in these locations because the price of houses and apartments are much lower because of the airports. The has been talk in Portugal about a certain time where there can be no flights arriving or taking off this means that aircraft companies are loosing money.Dogs which constantly bark all day are also a form of noise pollution. Neighbours get harried and cant sleep because of the barking have a right to complain.In apartments you are not allowed to make noise after 10 pm. If you do then theyour neighbours can complain or even call the police. The police can give you a quite a large fine for disturbing the peace. Discos and debar in certain areas need to close down at 12 am. There are always police clearing off the location at 12 pm.Some people make a lot of money because of sound. The music industry is huge. And it attracts teenagers and music lovers. Teenagers dont realize the dangers of loud music. I think music manufacturers s uch as Sony should increase the warning on the music products so that it give more security to the buyer.

Wednesday, May 22, 2019

The Psychological Impact on Children Soldiers

Some are abducted or forcibly recruited, opposites are driven to Join by poverty, abuse and discrimination, or to seek revenge for violence enacted against hem or their families. There is legislation in place that makes illegal any involvement of children nether age 18 in hostilities, however it is still rampant by dint ofout the cosmosness. The use of infantren in war is an epidemic that has plagued humanity since the earliest civilizations and has developed through time. In medieval times in Europe, young boys from about twelve years of age were used as military aids called squires, though their graphic symbol in actual combat was supposed to be limited.In 1212, the Estevez 2 Childrens Crusade rounded up thousands of children, with the notion that they will ucceed in battle due to miraculous powers that will ensure their victory. In 1814, Napoleon was faced with an invasion and recruited many teenagers for his armies aged between fourteen and seventeen. During the 1800s and the age of sail, young boys formed part of the clump of British Royal Navvy ships and responsible for many important tasks. Even during the Civil War a 15 year old received the typewriter ribbon of Honor for his acts during the Civil War Battle of Antietam, the bloodiest day in American history.People under the age of eighteen fought in world war one and world war two, even beside the fact it was illegal. They had age restrictions, but due to the patriotism, of the boys, and the conditions of England they accepted some and others passed by into the military. In Cambodia, during the Vietnam War, a communist group exploited thousands of desensitized children, recruiting them to mail mass murders and other inhuman acts during the genocide in Cambodia. They were brainwashed and taught to follow any orders without any hesitation.I find this a betrayal of the responsibility adults have towards children. In the 16th and 17th centuries, childhood began to be recognized as a different st ate then adulthood. Society began to see children not as little adults, but as a person of a lower level of maturity needing the protection, love, and nurturing of an adult to guide them through that stage of their lives. This was the change in troupe that transitioned to children being given less responsibility than adults.The division Estevez 3 of children and adults became officially recognized, however it didnt eliminate the abuse of children. The use of children in battle and wars has been around for a long time, but has taken a new form in todays society due to the improvement of technology. The early 1900s are regarded as a enormous development of war weapons, with the creation of the fully automatic rifle. Through the century, they have involvement of children in modern conflicts that typically involve irregular forces they usually localise civilians. 80% of the fighting forces composed of child soldiers, this is one characterization of the new wars, which constitute the dominant form of violent conflict that has emerged only over the plump few decades (Schauer and Elbert). The motivation for armies or soldiers to recruit children to be use in war is that children have a limited ability to asses risk. It is easier to manipulate the judgment of a child than it is a mind of an adult. They have feelings of invulnerability, shortsightedness, and cost less money. Children receive fewer resources, including less and smaller weapons and equipment.They are more likely to get killed or injured in the front lines than their adult counter parts. Children and young adults who are facing poverty, starvation, unemployment, and ethnic or political persecution, can be lured by the subject of becoming a soldier to escape the pain they feel. In interviews from The Psychological Impact of Child Soldiering they say, that hildren are more malleable and adaptable. Thus, they are Estevez 4 easier to indoctrinate, as their moral development is not yet completed and the y tend to listen to authorities without questioning them (Schauer and Elbert).The conflicts that use children in the battlefield usually bring out by the breakdown of a government. It becomes difficult to identify those who are recruiting and using children as soldiers, making it difficult to influence them to stop. Child soldiers typically raised in environments of severe violence are often made to commit the worst cruelties and atrocities. The children would be repeatedly exposed to these traumatic stress, during the most crucial stages of development. This caused mental and somatogenic damages changing their personalities.Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is also a common disorder found in children solders, because they are so young they become deprive from a normal and healthy development, impairing their integration into society as a fully functioning being. During the twentieth century the proportion of civilian casualties in arm conflicts has continually increased and is now estimated to be more than ninety percent. Half of the casualties are children, and more than 2 million died as a result of arm conflicts over the last decade.In addition to that, at least 6 million children have been seriously injured and between 8,000 and 10,000 children are killed by landmines either year (UNICEF, 2005). Seven of the ten countries with the highest rates of deaths of children under the age of five are due to the affects of armed conflicts in the countries. Estevez 5 In The Psychological Impact of Child Soldiering, they interview terce people who had been child soldiers. The first interview was of a sixteen year old boy who had een an active recruit for three years since the age of thirteen, for the group, Mai- Mat.His recruitment process was a lot more civil than the other two. He stated that, l was frightened, since our home was attacked almost every night by bandits and other rebel groups as well, what did I have to lose? Also my parents were too poor to send m e to school anymore my mind was made up fast, I Joined my friends and from that boy had served five years after being recruited at age fourteen. He says, 350 strokes were given on my indorse and buttocks. After a while the pain was so big that I felt that t would be better if I was dead..But then I heard a loud voice Get up. I tried, but I couldnt sit. I kneeled for almost one hour. I realized that all other children around me had died in the beating. I could see them lying still and not breathing (Schauer and Elbert 7-8). The next boy was recruited at 13 and served three years as a child soldier, he explains how they would kill other soldiers as punishment, When people did something really wrong, they got killed as a punishment .. .1 have seen 5 people being killed for severe disobedience during my time with the group.They were crucified in the forest. Nailed to trees at their expires and feet higher up on tall trees. The nails were thick ones, you would first nail through the p alms of the hand and later through the feet (Schauer and Elbert). Estevez 6 It may seem to the individual that some children Join these groups with their own free will, but in a psychological and social point of view, childrens choices to Join and remain in armed groups cannot be considered Voluntary. There are reasons or circumstances that may lead children to be more affable to Join a militant group.

Tuesday, May 21, 2019

A&P Analysis Essay

It is extremely helpful to use the numerical scale for quantifying pain severity for a patient in commit to best asses a pains origin and severity, therefore allowing for the most accurate diagnosis and pain treatment. 4. The terminal figure putting a reefer ass into place indicates moving the bone back into the synovial joint (its proper place). The pop sound occurs due to gas bubbles (nitrogen) escaping from the synovial fluid. 5. Both the raise joint and the hip joint are ball-and-socket joints, but the hip joint does not have as large a range of motion when compared to the shoulder joint.The shoulder joint is not just a bony socket, but is comprised of several tendons/muscles (as previously mentioned), synovial fluid, tendon sheaths and hyaline cartilage. Issue 3 Eye problems 1. The term for someone who has problems seeing close objects but can see objects far away is hyperopia or farsightedness. 2. Contrarily, myopia or nearsightedness is the condition of macrocosm able to see objects up close but not ones far away. 3. David appears to have hyperopia, since he needs to hold a paper at offsets length to be able to read.Issue 4 Muscle Physiology 1. The cause of the muscle cramping is hyponatremia or low blood sodium, which may have occurred by the young girl drinking a lot of water in the hot sun to try and stay hydrated, but which caused an electrolyte imbalance in her body, thus resulting in muscle cramps. 2. The muscle cramps will go away once she drinks the salt water, which will restore the necessary electrolyte balance in her body. Issue 5 Muscle Physiology Child Case History 1.The hereditary X-linked recessive disease characterized by progressive muscular weakness is called muscular muscular dystrophy, or Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). 2. Dystrophy refers to the degeneration of, in this case, muscles. 3. Muscles in the leg involved in walking on the toes are the illopsoas, gastrocnemius and soleus. As these muscles weaken, the plantar flex ors in the origination take over the job of walking. 4. The trunk muscles that weaken in certain cases of lordosis (sway back) and abdominal protuberance are the lower back muscles (erector spinae), hip flexors, abdominal muscles and the hamstrings.

Monday, May 20, 2019

Richard Nixon and Supreme Court

Chapter 281. Which country did non become politically control direct by the Soviet Union after World War II? *Yugoslavia*2. The Soviet Union first learned of the the Statesn atomic bomb how? *through the use of espionage*3. The Baruch Plan would do what?4. George Kennans containment policy proposed what? *American vigilance regarding Soviet expansionist t remnantencies. *5. George Kennan believed firmly that foreign policy should be left field to whom?6. The Truman Doctrine stated that American policy would be what?7. The Marshall Plan proposed what?8. Overall, did the Marshall Plan fly the coop?9. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization was a departure for America in what way?10. Who were the members of NATO?11. NATO had what frame on the USSR?12. The main Soviet response to containment was demonstrated by what?13. When the Soviet Union sealight-emitting diode arrive at the city of Berlin in 1948, chairman Harry Truman did what?14. The home(a) Security Act of 1947 established what?15. The passage of the National Security Act in 1947 did what to the military machine?16. As a government issue of Cold War military reforms, the dominant branch of the American armed forces became the 17. The defense policy statement known as NSC-68 advocated what?18. single of Chiang Kai-sheks biggest problems by 1945 was inflation, which had risen to ________ percent per year.19. During the Korean War, General Douglas MacArthur actions could be described how?20. In the Korean War, the Chinese threatened a massive invasion of Korea if the United States did what?21. In the final analysis, the more or less significant result of the Korean War was what?22. A major political consequence of the Cold War was what?23. When Congress voted to end wartime price controls, prices rose ________ percent in two years.24. The leader of the Dixiecrats in the election of 1948 was25. The most storied disclosure of espionage activities in the U. S. government in the late 1940s involved the case of what person?26. What happened to Julius and Ethel Rosenberg ?27. The leading figure of the Red Scare of the archaean 1950s wasChapter 291. The individual who invented the concept of mass construction of suburban homes was2. The most significant amicable trend in the postwar era in America was3. What were the stimuli to American economic growth in the late 1940s and early 1950s?4. precise to life in the suburbs in the 1950s was what?5. In 1946, Dr. Benjamin Spock wrote a bestselling book on what?6. Between 1940 and 1960, American wives were much and more doing what?7. Peoples attitudes toward organized religion in the 1950s was what?8. A major increase in national funding for education was passed in response to what?9. The beats were what?10. The tone for the so-called beat movement was stipulate by the novelist was who?11. The artistic counterpart of beat social protest literature was what?12. By 1960, the most racially integrated institution in American society was w hat?13. The first president to attempt seriously to interpolate the historic pattern of racial discrimination in the United States was who?14. Who was Earl Warren?15. The NAACP lawyer who argued the Brown v. shape up of Education decision before the peremptory Court was who?16. In Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, the supreme Court ruled that school segregation what?17. The Deep South responded to court-ordered desegregation how?18. The Arkansas governor who defied U. S. dictatorial Court orders to integrate public schools was who?19. chair Eisenhower had to send in federal troops in 1957 to hold the desegregation of the public schools in what city?20. Rosa Parks started what?21. The Montgomery bus boycott led to what?22. Martin Luther King, Jr. s philosophy of protest stressed what?23. Greensboro, North Carolina, was the site of what?24. The baby boom led to a ______increase in the U. S. population between 1950 and 1960.25. _______ became a normal part of suburban life during the 1950s.26. Were The imperative Court decisions declaring segregation illegal readily accepted by most Americans in the 1950s?Chapter 301. Critical to John F. Kennedys victory in the election of 1960 was his what?2. John F. Kennedys internal program was known as the3. The Soviet leader with whom both Dwight Eisenhower and John Kennedy had to deal was who?4. Under John F. Kennedy, the United States government did what with the Vietnam war?5. The ________ was Kennedys most obvious foreign policy disaster.6. What were the consequences of the Cuban Missile Crisis?7. John F. Kennedy played down civil rights law because why?8. When President Johnson managed to get Congress to pass Kennedys proposed tax cut in 1964, the result was what?9. Lyndon Johnsons main theme in the election of 1964 was what?10. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 did what?11. The ________ established the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.12. Lyndon Johnsons domestic program was called what?13. In the ele ction of 1964, President Lyndon Johnson easily disappointed who?14. In his program of health care, President Lyndon Johnson secured passage of what?15. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 did what?16. Was The foreign policy of Lyndon Johnson unique?17. In 1965, President Lyndon Johnson sent American soldiers to ________ in order to prevent a communist takeover there.18. American bombing of North Vietnam was triple-crown or not?19. In general, American tactics in the Vietnam War were successful or not?20. Civil rights leader ________ advocated black power. 21. Cesar Chavez is known for what?22. For the United States, the turning point of the Vietnam War was called what?23. Major go riots swept some(prenominal) American cities when?Chapter 311. What was the main focus of the Nixon governing?2. Who served as Nixons national security consultant during his first term?3. Nixons program to improve relations with the Soviet Union was known as what?4. why did the United States resume relati ons with China?5. The SALT treaties involved what?6. The SALT I agreements did what?7. The Arab oil boycott of 1973-1974 was precipitated by what?8. The international oil organization most responsible for raising petroleum prices in the mid-seventies was9. In the spring of 1980, the prime rate reached ________ percent.10. The first president to appoint a woman to the Supreme Court was who?11. What is unique about Gerald Ford ?12. To end criticism of the CIA, Gerald Ford appointed ________ to head the agency.13. President Gerald Fords brief honeymoon with the American public ended when he did what?14. In the election of 1976, Jimmy Carter defeated who?15. The Camp David Accords provided a framework for peace negotiations between ?16. In 1979, revolutionaries in ________ took U. S. diplomats hostage.17. The Cold War remained nonoperational throughout the 1970s until what happened?18. The central tenet of Reagans approach to foreign policy was what belief?19. In 1979, the Sandinista alinement succeeded in overthrowing the repressive Somoza regime in what country?20. The Reagan administrations policies in the Middle East and Central America reached a tragic convergence when?21. In 1984, ________ became the first woman ever nominated for the vice presidency by a major party.22. Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachevs new policies includedChapter 321. The only significant piece of social legislation to be enacted in the first Bush administration was what act?2. Instead of reducing the deficit by $500 billion, the 1990 budget agreement had led to an increase of more than ________ in the national debt during Bushs presidency.3. In 1989, popular demonstrations calling for democratic reform were violently suppressed in what country?4. In 1989, communist regimes toppled (collapsed) in what countries?5. After the breakup of the Soviet Union, the new leader of Russia was who?6. The U. S. allied military campaign against Iraq in 1991 was known as Operation ______.7. What import ant shift occurred in American society during the 1980s?8. By 2002, ________ had become the nations largest ethnic minority.9. ________ made up the fastest growing ethnic group at the first of the twenty-first century.10. ________ ran for president in 1992 and 1996 as a third-party candidate.11. President Clintons greatest achievement in domestic affairs was what?12. Bill Clinton was impeached for what?13. The consumer advocate who ran as the Green Party candidate for president in 2000 was who?14. The import of the 2000 presidential election hung on legal battles over the vote count in what state?15. The largest of several business scandals in the early 2000s was the collapse of what company?16. Osama bin Laden is most closely associated with what apprehension group?17. The first move in the war on terror was the overthrow of a al-Qaida Islamist regime in what country?18. The terrorist attacks on the United States led the George W. Bush administration to initiate a new global st rategy known to its critics as what?19. In 2002, President Bush called Iraq, Iran, and North Korea the what?20. The min Persian Gulf War ended with the U. S. capture of what place?21. Issues facing the nation in the early twenty-first century included what?22. What is the correct chronological sequence of recent presidential administrations?23. True or false, In the White House, Bill Clinton proved to be the most adept politician since Franklin D. Roosevelt.24. True or false, One failure of Bill Clintons first presidential term was his proposal for national health

Sunday, May 19, 2019

Persistence of Memory by Salvador Dali

The early 1920s art movement of surrealism was founded by Andre Breton, a French writer. Comp atomic number 18d to other art groups or movements, surrealism focused on evoking the unconscious in painting. Members of this group showed extensive importance in illustrating a more profound reality revealed by the unconscious estimation. Most of the surrealists involve grotesque portrayal of images in their paintings. They create visuals that go beyond mere painting to reach a new level of reality. This extraordinary approach in creating a provocative image is derived from the surrealists dreams.The products of their subconscious mind combined with the concept of enigma or mystery have been their inspiration in producing eccentric entirely remarkable masterpieces (Artbeyondsight. com). One of the famous Surrealist painters who is well-known for his bizarre ideas and eccentric behaviors was Salvador Dali. Most of his artworks became and integral part in the advancement of the Surrea list aesthetic. His main objective was to materialize images of concrete irrationality with the most imperialist fury of precision. more so, Dalis paintings illustrated dream-like images still these were treated with precision and fine details that made the viewers enter a hallucinatory landscape. Dali named these paintings with dream and fantasy theme as hand-painted dream photographs. In these artworks, unusual placement of images and the revision of a specific form into another completely new form were evident. Because of this composition, it appears that most of Dalis paintings take the principle of Physics. He created images that represented the irrational and unpredictable world of the dream (Artbeyondsight. om). In the painting perseveration of Memory, Dali presented the unusual images of melted watches. Dali said that the elements present in this particular painting atomic number 18 nil else, but the Camembert cheese of space and time tender, outlandish, solitary and critical-paranoiac (3d-dali. com, 2008). This painting can be classified as a landscape painting, a self portrait or a still-life painting. It all depends on the viewers intelligence and knowledge on how to understand and interpret the painting.In terms of the visual elements exhibited, the background is a margin landscape while the foreground consists of the strange images of three melted pocket watches, the rectangular box and an animal-like creature. The unusual objects created a mysterious effect while the realistic lighting and coloring added a realness doer to the painting. At first glance, these may all seem meaningless and peculiar but if viewers would nerve closely and try to find out the rationale for putting these elements together, they could get a better hold of understanding of the paintings and the inner workings of Dalis mind.According to Robert Bradford, the bare, hard outline of the cliffs and the crystal light of the flip-flop are there, but the empty, deser t-like expanses of the painting are much closer to the topography of the min, to a dreamscape. The viewers care is fermented precisely through the lack of clues of distance, of recognizable landmark, of time of day, of temperature-it could equally be as hot, or as cold as an unknown planet. We are in an arena of silence, a frozen nightmare, in which nothing moves or make a noise. (p. 146)Overall, the Persistence of Memory is an artwork that takes the viewers into a very arouse world wherein they are transported from the predictable realm of reality to a place filled with ambiguity and peculiarity. The techniques in coloring and brush strokes employed by Dali were conventional but it is the compositional aspects that stand out are the placement and the choice of objects displayed in the painting. This painting ingeniously juxtaposed the real with the make believe which are the primary characteristics of Surrealism.References3d-dali.com. (2008). Salavador Dali Painitngs. Retrieved N ovember 28, 2008, from http//www.3d-dali.com/dali_paintings_analysis_interpretation.htmArtbeyondsight.com. (n.d.). Salvador Dali and Surrealism. Retrieved November 28, 2008, from http//www.artbeyondsight.org/ahtts/dali-read.shtmlRadford, R. (1997). Dali. London Phaidon Press Ltd.

Saturday, May 18, 2019

Technology and learning

The modernization of the times led to a startling reality that the world ordain be crippled without the aid of engineering science. Technology is becoming more and more of a necessity these geezerhood in all aspects of daily living and as such, educational institutions have incorporated this suit in their curriculum because the authorities acknowledged the fact that technology can help attain student objectives and in order to achieve the maximum impact, it must form part of the schools education curriculum (Neir Tech, 2002). incline is a subject that would be greatly enhanced by technology. English is a diversified field in itself that requires self-expression, vocabulary, reading, creative thinking and innovativeness of the mind. Technology can greatly enhance the students learning process when it comes to English because the information that they need is retributive a few clicks away. The world wide web provides a wide array of information and lectures approximately all Engl ish subjects. For example, a student having difficulty in pronunciation and vocabulary can rise to power the Inter crystalize to learn this kind of skill.Students who have been assigned difficult topics for assignment can search the net for all the information that he needs. The teachers can use the technology as aid in teaching not only English but other subjects as well by using highly-powered technology driven lectures that would work best in capturing students attention. There are some schools that use technology to check the barriers of communication. Video conferencing is another technological development that greatly helps educational institutions teach students not only English but other subjects as well.ReferencesNeir Tech. 2002. Strategies for Improving Academic Achievement and Teacher Effectiveness. Retrieved July 3, 2009, from http//www.neirtec.org/products/techbriefs/1.htm

Medieval Period Essay

What is it all intimately? it is all about the menstruation, age or era after the fall of Roman Empire and the beginning of rebirth or the Rennaisance period. it is the bridge with these two very distinguished eras in literature.What is the meaning of gallant and period? the term mediaeval comes from the Latin word medium aevum which means middle age. Medieval was 1st used in the 19th century and the original spelling of it is mediavel. -period means a length of time that is very important in the history of the world or nation.What do you mean by A.D. and C.E. means? A.D. means anno domini which is the latin for in the year of our God the year after his birth. C.E. means common eraM each writers cull to use CE than AD .. so, AD and CE argon just the same like BC which means Before Christ and BCE which means Before Common/Christian Era.Why it is called the Dark eyepatch? But why it is also known as The fester of Faith? -at first, Medieval fulfilment was called DA because o f 4 reasons1. Ignorance and viciousness2. No scientific accomplishments had been made3. No bully art produced4. No great leaders bornBut when the scholars began to appreciate the medieval periods architecture, philosophy, and literature, they labeled this as The Age of Faith because roughly of the whole kit and caboodle ar centered on religous teachings in the reason that religion is the most powerful institutuion during the time.Describe Medieval Period. pervasive christianity poverty ignorance economic chaos bad government plague cultural and artistic achievement technological developmentSocial Classes in Middle Ages1. Royalty highest affectionate class (kings, queens, princes and princesses)2. Nobility (hereditary and non-hereditary nobility)3. Hereditary Nobility (dukes and dutchess, barons)4. Non-Hereditary Nobility (knights, popes, bishops, priests, monks,clergy)5. Common People (Serfs, freemen, slaves, peasants)Development of Medieval Period there ar three major divisions on the development of Medieval Period Early, High and novel Middle Ages.How stuff works on the Early M.P.?1. In this part is where the Dark Age is associated wherein literacy, ignorance and brutality are prevailing.2. Christianity became the standard bearer of Western Civilization wherein the papacy gained conditionity3. Feudalism is the manorial administration4. Monasteries were founded as campaign for Christian empowerment5. North Africa and Middle East came under the rule of Caliphate, an Islamic GroupHow stuff works in the High M.P.?-it began after 1000AD1. Technological and agricultural innovations flourished together with the population.2. modality changed to warm which allowed crop yield to increase.3. Still feudalism is the manorial system.4. Crusade in 1905 military test to regain control of the Middle Easter Holy Land from Caliphate5. Kings became the heads of nation states, which lead to reduce of crime and violence6. In this time, the first universiti es were founded and intellectual life beganHow stuff works in Late M.P.?1. It is label by difficulties and calamities including famine, plague and war.2. Black Death between 1347 amd 1350, a mysterious disease known as the Black Death (the bubonic plague). It killed some 20 million people in Europe.3. Economic expansion, semipolitical centralization, and secularization foreshadowed due to transition from medieval to modern. Despite of difficulties and calamities, it is where medieval empowerment stimulated.4. Age of exploration5. The church service was weakened by conflicts and quarrels between church and state6. Peasants revolt.What are the causes of break off of M.P?-1453 the capture of Constantipole by the Turk-1453 the end of the hundred years war between the English and Fench because of invasion-1492 the Muslims being rejected from Spain-1492 the discovery of the States by Columbus-1512 the Protestant Reformation starting with the beginning of Rennaisance Period. Heritage of Medieval PeriodDuring the medieval period there were many advancements.Justice and Law Codes Justinians Code,Great Council (Parliament), Magna Carta bargain and Business Marketplace & Trade Fairs, BanksArchitecture duomos, Castles,Romanesque, Medieval, Gothic Architecture Formal Learning Guilds, UniversitiesPublic Conduct Code of Chivalry, Heraldry,Holy RelicsArt dye Glass Windows, Tapestries,Gregorian Chants, Medieval Music, Epic Poetry,Troubadours, Illuminated Manuscripts, Mystery Plays, Miracle Plays, Morality Plays,Architecture Farming Horse-drawn plow, Horse Collar, horseshoesSeven new sites that dated from the medieval period added to UNESCOs World Heritage List.Bolgar Historical and archeologic Complex (Russia)Namhansanseong (Republic of Korea)The Grand Canal (China)Silk Roads The Routes Network of Changan-Tianshan Corridor (China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyztan) Rani-ki-Vav (The Queens Stepwell) at Patan, Gujarat (India) Pyu Ancient Cities (Myanmar)Bursa and Cumalikizik The drive home of the Ottoman Empire (Turkey) whatever of the significant Medieval HeritageAachen CathedralAbbey and Altenmnster of LorschAbbey Church of Saint-Savin sur GartempeAmiens CathedralArchaeological Ensemble of the Bend of the BoyneArles, Roman and Romanesque MonumentsBauhaus and its sites in Weimar and DessauBeemster PolderBelfries of Belgium and FranceBenedictine Convent of St John at MstairBergpark WilhelmshheBerlin Modernism Housing EstatesBlenheim PalaceBordeaux, Port of the MoonBourges CathedralCanterbury Cathedral, St Augustines Abbey, and St Martins Church Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in GwyneddCastles of Augustusburg and Falkenlust at BrhlCathedral of Notre-Dame,Former Abbey of Saint-Rmi andPalace of Tau, Reims The Causses and the CvennesMedieval LiteratureMedieval LiteratureEngland is the birth place of Medieval LiteratureLatin was the common terminology for medieval writingsClergy are the people who write religious worksThe early literature of this period consists of sermons, prayers, lives of saints and homilies. -some of the noted works are1. Green Knight2. Sir Gawain3. The Pearl4. The Book of the Duchess5. The Parliament of Fowls6. TheHouse of Fame7. Troilus and Criseyde8. The Canterbury Tales9. The myth of Women10. The Complaint of Chauser to his Empty PurseTypes of WritingsReligious dominant form of literatureComposed of hymns, liturgy, hagiographies,religious poemsSome works of this type Golden Legend of Ja Cobous de Voragine Dies , Stabat Mater Outstanding Jewish writers Maimonides Spain Rashi FranceSecular it is more on romance, heroism and it is not in religious works Composed of epic, courtly love, political poetry, songsProminent Jewish authors Solomon ibn Gabirol and Yehuda Haleui Outstanding writer Geoffrey ChauserWomens Literature in this type women of Medieval period are the writers and it is not about the works pertained to women of M.P. Composed of works that have been written by women, mostly nuns Noted auth ors Clare of Asisi, Bridget of Sweden, Catherine of fish They are canonaized as saints and their works are reflections, revelations and prayers Marie de France and Christine de Viza their works focused on courtly love Revelations of noble hunch forward 1st published book in English language that was written by a womanAllegory medieval lit. makes use of many literary devices and allegory is very prominent in the period. Much works relied on allegory to convey the morals that the author had in mind while writing are representation of abstract qualities, events and institutions. Most influential allegory Psychomachia (Battle of Souls) by Aurelius Clemens Prudentius Some works on this type Romance of the Rose, Everyman, Piers Plowman, Roman de Fauvel and The Divine Comedy.Characteristics of Medieval LiteratureFigures of speech are legion(predicate)Highly religiousFrequently intended to teach moralsDescriptions are ornate and prettyTechniques of the trance vision used frequent lyPleasant aspects of nature predominateNew forms of rhythm and rhymeWomen comeback a place in literatureElegance of speech and mannersWorks were handwrittenLove is considered as a pure loveConveying the classic culture of Greece and RomeWorks are more on re-telling than new invent storiesNext to religious, heroism is DominantNames of the individual authors are much less importantWhy most of the works in Medieval Period are anonymous?Medieval lit. was copied by hand and many volumes were lost over the following centuries. Names of the authors did not mean much to medieval citizen, only if they were very famous. Thus, unimportant names would sometimes be left hand out of a book during the process of copying. If the original volume was lost, there wouldnt be any written proof of authorship.And one more reason is that some books were controversial or anti, and any author connected with these books would be condemned to death. And to avoid any problems, even if there are no controvers ial confine of their work, they are not writing their names.Listen, Understand and Appreciate these will make your students respect and love you as their second parent anonymous

Friday, May 17, 2019

Why Top Female Athletes Stay in Male-Dominated Sports to an Elite Level

AbstractThis reflect is stressed on why top powder-puff jockstraps stay in priapic-dominated sports to an elite group level and involves fe priapic athletes from diametrical countries. Semi-structured interviews give be carried out on 15 participants. The show is characteristic eithery interpretive and qualitative, and involves a four-year timeframe.1. Background variance is an institution that hides to create, reinforce, and maintain male hegemony. However, some of its aspects may similarly be seen as a harvest-home of collective effort. Gender diversity in sports be often placed in subtle, multi-level and ignored structures and behaviours incarnate in sport organisations. Hence, there is a need for continued work on the matter (Fink 2008). The fraternity of female athletes in male-dominated sports bequeath be explained by male hegemonic concepts as easy as cultural and morphologic concepts.1.1 What prompted the interest in the bailiwickWhat prompted the interest in the topic was the researchers own pic in female sports where she was able to associate with elite female athletes of various ages from different countries, including those under Muslim district and the Muslim region, such as Iran, Morocco, and Turkey. She has had worked closely with female competitors in over 50 members of the international Federation of Muaythai Amateur (IFMA), and hence considers the topic a realisable one. Since the researcher is into sports herself and associates with the likely respondents of the battleground, she finds the topic both enkindle and challenging.1.2 Relevance to Previous exploreThe relevance of the topic to previous research is that it serves as a supporting real(a) to what has already been claimed of the participation of female athletes in male-dominated sports. Previous research has indicated the prevailing role of cultural and structural systems that produce and reproduce these sports as an exclusive realm of male athletes (e.g. An derson 2008 Carty 2005). The present study confirms these notions, and likewise looks into patterns of possibilities whereby female athletes undersurface be generally accepted and recognised within these once male-stereotyped sports.1.3 Contributions to the Research and the FieldThe studys contribution to research is identified in its investigation of culture, and somehow, of gender issues, in the participation of female athletes in male-dominated sports. Its contribution to the field is its introduction of sure theoretical concepts that sack up explain why female athletes continue to delve into male-dominated sports and an analytical explanation of their intent to stay or move out of the system.1.4 Research Aims and ObjectivesThis study aims to ascertain why top female athletes stay in male-dominated sports to an elite level the hurdles they deliver and how they overcome these hurdles. It also aims to draw out the uniformities in challenges faced by these elite athletes and to see if such challenges are similar across cultures and religions. The study purports to use this understanding to help support women to stay in a particularized sport once they are already alive(p).The objectives of the research are as followsTo look back the existing literature on the subject of genetic mutations Sociology in relation to womens sports participation To conduct interviews and surveys to elite female athletes from various countries To find out gaps in intimacy within the field and To provide recommendations for in store(predicate) research. 2. Literature ReviewThis part of the research proposal identifies a range of works and studies related to the topic being investigated. It aims to establish the theoretical framework for the study and provide evidence to the topic.2.1 Trends in the Literature Relating to the Research TopicIn their work, Krane, Choi, and Baird et al. (2004) stated that female athletes live in two cultures One that is characteristically vir ile and the other the larger genial culture which celebrates femininity. The study was linked to feminist cultural studies and aimed to determine how female athletes negotiate femininity-based affable expectations with athleticism. It involved 21 female athletes who served as participants in focus group discussions. Three themes comprised the selective information analysis, specifically the influence of physicality, femininity, and athlete as other. The data revealed that being athletic is in contrast to being feminine and that the participants themselves felt being marginalised as athletes and expressed that others perceive them as being different from typical women. patronage these, they were proud of their physical strength and developed bodies and regarded themselves as being empowered, which lavatory be generalised beyond the context of sports (Krane et al. 2004).The use of focus group discussions in the study aimed at encouraging self-disclosure amongst female athletes with similar experiences and reducing the anxiety that might be felt in individual interviews. The authors also pinpointed the fact that focus groups are especially effective in feminist research (Krane, et al. 2004).According to Carty (2005), sport has been a social aspect that has traditionalisticly prevented women from participating. Recent policy developments and broadening public support enabled girls and women to participate dramatically in sports that had been typically limited only to men. young-bearing(prenominal) athletes had come out from those sports that had been stereotypically designated only to them, such as lawn tennis and gymnastics, and basis now play male-dominated sports such as hockey, football, rugby, and so on. Of equal significance is the revealing of masculinity constriction and the concept of gender differences. Hence, Carty explored social changes accompanying the broadening popularity of women in sports and some opposing messages in advertisements i nitiated by these changes. The qualitative method is utilize in the study to explore all the issues covered by the aims and objectives, which were tackled through semi-structured interviews. It may be inferred that Cartys assertion on the constraints placed against women in regard to participating in male-stereotyped sports is similar to the notion of Krane et al. (2004), specifically the marginalisation of female athletes and their being perceived as different from normal women. There is therefore congruence between the two authors in reference to their view of the built in bed of female athletes in male-dominated sports.On the other hand, Pringle (2005) emphasised that issues linked to female sport and exercise can be examined via Foucauldian theories. However, the Gramscian theory, which is use to examine the concept of masculine hegemony, remains predominant. The article made a equation and contrast of the theoretical official documents branching from Foucault and Gramscis writings in relation to investigating sport and masculinities. It was indicated that masculine hegemony does not simply point to a prevailing concept of masculinity but also to specific understandings of power that may be problematic to some. The discussion is useful to the study as it focused on the concept of masculine hegemony that can address the prevailing male dominance in sports, as substantially as male sports in general, which had once been (and continuous to be) considered an exclusive field for male athletes. It is important to pipeline that Pringles assertion provides the groundwork for the situation of female athletes, as explored by the concept of masculine hegemony that explains womens marginalisation, pinpointed earlier by Carty (2005) and Krane et al. (2004).Pringles concept of masculine hegemony was similarly described by Whisenant, Pedersen, and Obenour (2002) who cited the end of the crosstie of Intercollegiate Athletics for Women (AIAW) as the cause for spor t administrators to deal with reestablishing their place as athletic directors. The study aimed at assessing the success ratio of these directors, foc employ primarily on gender. The initial results validated the expected findings that masculine hegemony is a well-established concept within inter-collegiate athletics. This is note-worthy in the topics exploration of the hurdles faced by female athletes in male-dominated sports.On the other hand, Vincent, Imwold, and Masemann et al. (2002) made an investigation of female athletes receipt of equitable reportage in womens games. The study made a comparison of six selected newsprints from Canada, Great Britain, and the United States and how they dealt with male and female athletes during the 1996 Centennial Olympic Games. The qualitative method and content analysis were used for the comparison of all articles and photographs of athletes on all newspapers involved. Albeit there were differences found, the results generally show an equit able amount of coverage for both male and female athletes participating in the games. The study confirmed the idea that female athletes receive increased newspaper coverage when they participate in major competitions.However, analysing critically Vincent et al.s work against those of Pringle (2005), Krane et al. (2004), and Carty (2005), one may bank that the former tackled a rather neutral presentation of female athletes vis-a-vis male athletes, as demonstrated by the equitable newspaper coverage on them. Vincent et al. looked into the outward configuration of the male-female dichotomous existence in sports, as against the internal focus made by Pringle (2005), Krane et al. (2004), and Carty (2005).2.1.1 The Role of Culture in SportsIn their study, Elling and Knoppers (2005) used a social-critical perspective to analyse symbolic sport inclusion/exclusion in relation to gender and ethnicity amongst adolescents. The findings suggested that dominant normative gendered images still in fluence young peoples preferences in sport participation. Sport can function as an integrating agent as well as a differentiating and discriminating tool amongst the youth. With regard to gender, sport participation is less predictable because of such circumstances as ethnicity fundamental interactions. Albeit ethnic minority females had the least participation in sport, a comparatively higher value is placed on traditional masculine sports such as karate and soccer. Additionally, the potential circumstance of being labeled as sissy serves as a powerful mechanism to exclude oneself from participating in conventional sports for girls. However, stereotypical images are continually challenged as well (Elling and Knoppers 2005).Viewing the earlier notions of gender-based explanations of the uneven perception between male and female athletes (e.g. Pringle 2005 Krane et al. 2004, and Carty 2005), Elling and Knoppers plainly provided a deeper explanation of the reason for such disparity. On the other hand, Pelak (2005) emphasised on how South African female football players negotiate ideological constrictions in participating in the stereotypically masculine sport. The author highlighted the micro-level experiences of situating athletes within social structures at macro level, such as apartheid. The study used a multi-method approach, including interviews, survey, observations, and documentary data. diverse feminist sport frameworks and theoretical insights of Black feminists contributed to the analysis. The findings revealed an ongoing creative resistance amongst female soccer athletes against exclusionary practices in the sport.Pelak evidently upheld the findings of Elling and Knoppers (2005) with regard to symbolic sport inclusion/exclusion, as exemplified by social structures that serve as constraints to female participation in male-dominated sports.Meanwhile, the study of Anderson (2008) explored the cultural and structural elements that contribute to the bree ding of anti-feminine perspectives amongst men in team sports. The authors initially led the readers to the view that mens separation into a homosocial environment puts a limit to their social contact with women and promotes a hostile masculinity that induces the proliferation of orthodox views intimately women. However, the study also suggested that when these same men participate in a gender-incorporating cheerleading sport competition, they tend to reinvent their perspectives toward women. The author used a range of theoretical concepts and linked them to grounded observations and interviews, upon which a theoretical model was established. He specifically used a socio-feminist theory of masculinity that holds gender as being formulated by an intricate interaction of organisational culture, institutional power, and individual agency. The study involved a sample of 68 male cheerleaders who identified themselves as heterosexual and who used to play football. The findings suggested that the socially negative outcomes affixed to male sport athletes might potentially reduce through gender-incorporating sports (Anderson 2008). This study is relevant to the topic under study as it explains the male athletes propensities when participating in male and female stereotypical games, thereby contributing to its query on why women stay in male-dominated sports.2.2 Limitations and/or Gaps in the LiteratureThe existing literature on the topic is sight to include works that are not very recent, which hence suggests a need for updated findings. There are not many academic studies delving into the issue of culture as a prevailing factor for certain sports to be perceived as typically male and most of which are discussed using gender-based criteria.theoretic fashion modelBelow is the theoretical framework of the study based on the literature Figure 1 Theoretical Framework3. Research Methodology3.1 Research ParadigmThe interpretive and positivist ikons are utilised in this research. The interpretive paradigm states that social actors generate meanings about their interaction in the world. Social reality is hence interpreted as an attempt to interpret the world, thereby connoting a subscription to realist ontology (Scott and Morrison 2005). The use of interpretive paradigm is justified in this study as it attempts to gather interview data that are grounded on ascertaining perceived realities surrounding female athletes, as well as the meanings they append to these realities. The positivist approach, on the other hand, relies on the methods of the natural science (Lee 1991) and is seen in the studys use of survey to assist certain inferences suggested by interview data.3.2 Research invention and MethodThis study is characteristically mixed methods (combination of qualitative and quantitative methods) in its research design. Qualitative methods hold that findings about human interaction (e.g. female athletes) can be understood better and more systematic ally when study from the inside out rather than the opposite (Monsen and Horn 2008). Quantitative methods, on the other hand, maintain that phenomena can be explained by collecting numerical data (for this study is the survey) that are analysed through statistical methods (Mujis 2011).3.3 ParticipantsThe research participants for both interviews and the survey are 13-35 year-old female athletes from different countries with whom the researcher has frequent association, including those under Islamic rule and Muslim religion, such as Iran, Morocco, and Turkey. The sample coat for the interview is 15, which is considered sufficient to generate findings. For the survey, the sample size is 35.3.4 Data CollectionPrimary and secondary data shall be collected. Primary data shall be generated from semi-structured interviews and the survey whilst secondary data shall support the primary data and shall be obtained from books and academic journals. An interview schedule and a survey questionn aire go forth be constructed.3.5 Data Analysis and DiscussionOnce the information has been established, data analysis will beat back place using the thematic analysis, which intends to find patterns/themes/meanings from a range of data sets (Hamdan 2009). The discussion will be towards addressing the research questions and will be backed by the literature.3.6 Weaknesses and LimitationThe study finds no weakness in its methodology. One limitation that can be identified is in terms of using interviews for data gathering, which is perceived to lack generalisability because of a relatively small sample (Ford 2012). This is addressed by using a larger sample (15 participants) (e.g. Waltz, Krumperman, and Zigmont 2011) and triangulation through the survey.3.7 ethical ConsiderationsFirst amongst the ethical considerations that the study takes note of is the anonymity of the target participants, as well as the confidentiality of data to be collected. It is the researchers responsibility to ensure that participants provide informed consent prior to their participation and that they confuse the right to withdraw their participation at any point, without incurring any liability. The data collection shall take place vis-a-vis having informed the participants of the general purpose of the study and why their participation is being sought. Moreover, the data will be stored in a database using passwords that only the researcher knows, whilst the survey questionnaires will be put to safekeeping and disposed of upon the total completion of the research in order not to be accessed by anyone. The proposal shall require approval from an ethics committee.3.8 Significance of the ResearchThis study is significant in a number of ways, one of which is its contribution to the existing literature on female participation in what has been generally considered as male-dominated sport. Another is its confirmation of the prevailing role of culture and gendered images in such perception, as well as the continuing struggle of female athletes to situate themselves in the realm of sports, thereby adding to the existing knowledge on the subject.3.9 TimelineThe research timeline starts on February 3, 2014 and ends on February 16, 2018. The first part of the survey will be through in May 2014. The various aspects of the research are shown in the Gantt chart belowFigure 2 Gantt chart showing the research timelineReferencesAnderson, E. (2008) I Used to Think Women Were Weak Orthodox Masculinity, Gender Segregation, and Sport. sociological Forum, 23 (2), 257-280.Carty, V. 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